Indian Classical Music And Sikh Kirtan
by Gobind Singh Mansukhani (M.A., LL.B, Ph.D.) © 1982
Jati
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by Gobind Singh Mansukhani (M.A., LL.B, Ph.D.) © 1982
Jati
Indian Classical Music And Sikh Kirtan by Gobind Singh Mansukhani (M.A., LL.B, Ph.D.) © 1982 Jati |
| Jati Jati literally means “caste”. Just as there are castes in any community in India, there are three castes or classes of raga. There are Arava/Audava/Oudava: pentatonic (five notes); Sharva/Shadava: hexatonic (six notes); and Sampuram: perfect heptonic (seven notes). Arava It is the scale which uses five notes. It has three different types: (1) Arava-Arava, (2) Arava-Sharva and (3) Arava-Sampuran. Arava-Arava: This is the scale in which both in the aroha (ascending) and avaroha (descending) five notes are used, as for exampie Bhopali raga- S R G P D, S D P G R. Arava-Sharva: This is the scale in which the aroha (ascending) has fiven notes and the avaroha (descending) has six note, as for example Kedara raga: S M P D N, S N D PM R. Arava-Sampuran: This is the scale in which the aroha (ascending) has five notes and the avaroha (descending) has seven notes, as for example Shudh Kalyan Raga: S R G P D, S N D P M G R. Another raga is Asavari. Sharva This is the scale in which there are six notes. It has three different types: (1) Sharva- Arava, (2) Sharva-Sharva, (3) Sharva-Sampuran. Sharva-Arava: This is the scale in which the aroha has six notes, while the avaroha has five notes, as for example raga Nata Kuranji of Karnatak music, according to Subba Rao [2]. In Hindustani music it resembles Bageshwari. Sharva-Sharva: This is the scale in which both the aroha and avaroha has six notes, as for example, raga Sri Ranjani of Karnatak music, according to Subba Rao. Sharva-Sampuram: This is the scale in which there are six notes in the aroha, while the avaroha has seven notes, as for example Khamaj: S G M P D N, S N D P M G R S. __ Sampuran This is the scale in which there are seven notes. It has three different types: (1) Sampuran-Arava. (2) Sampuran-Sharav and (3) Sampuran-Sampuran. Sampuran-Arava: This is the scale in which there are seven notes in the aroha (ascending) and five in the avaroha (descending), as for example Nut raga. Sampuran-Sharav: This is the scale in which there are seven notes in the aroha and six notes in the avaroha, as for example raga Megh Malhar or Kafi. Sampuran-Sampuran: This is the scale in which both in the aroha and the avaroha there are seven notes, as for example raga Bilawal. FIXED FORMS OF HINDUSTANI MUSIC The main forms of Hindustani music are as follows: |